Earth Science Essay Example for Free

Earth Science Essay Stars are one of the celestial bodies found in the solar system. Such celestial object produces heat, light, and different forms of radiations such as x-rays and ultraviolet rays caused by its cosmic energy engines. All stars are made up of gas, plasma, and matters comprised of subatomic particles that are extremely heated. From the earth, it may appear that stars are near because of their radiance shining over. However, stars are very far away that most of the scientists have to develop methods in order to calculate their distance. Two of the most notable methods are the parallax technique and the use of Cepheid variable (National Geographic, 2008). The parallax technique is used in order to identify the distance of the stars that are closest to the earth. Due to the revolution of the earth to the sun, the stars that are near to the earth shifts position against the stars that are in farther positions. These changes in the position of the nearby stars are known as the parallax shift. The parallax method functions by observing the distance of the shifting process and determining the earth’s orbit diameter. From there, astronomers are able to determine the parallax angle of the star’s distance. The main principle behind the method is that â€Å"the smaller the parallax shift, the farther away the star is from the earth† (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000, n. p. ). Such method is only applicable for stars that are within the range of few hundred light years from earth. Thus, when stars exceed the given range, the parallax shift could be too small to be measured through this technique (Windows to the Universe Team, 2000). For the countless distant stars that are in the range beyond 100 light years and are in clusters found in a different galaxy, the measurement is identified through the star’s property known as Cepheid variable. Stars that have this property undergo a fixed cycle where they get brighter and dimmer. This property is common among stars that are in â€Å"old age† (Berger, 2002, n. p. ). Because of their abundance in space, astronomers measure their distance by determining the number of cycle when stars are bright (Berger, 2002). There are many ways to measure the distance of the stars. It may be obtained from the stars spectral properties, temperature, brightness, and luminosity. Because of the major efforts in improving the measurements of the distances of the stars, various ways are also formulated in order to determine the cosmic distance of other celestial bodies present in the sky. References Berger, W. H. (2002). Measuring distance to the stars. In Intro to Astronomy: Discussion of the Field of Astronomy, University of California, San Diego. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://earthguide. ucsd. edu/virtualmuseum/ita/06_3. shtml. National Geographic. (2008). Stars. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://science. nationalgeographic. com/science/space/universe/stars-article. html Windows to the Universe Team. (2000, September). How do astronomers measure the distance to stars? Is it accurate? University Corporation For Atmospheric Research. Retrieved September 17, 2008 from http://www. windows. ucar. edu/tour/link=/kids_space/star_dist. html.

PI :: essays research papers

π is the mysterious number that most people think is merely 3.14. π is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. π has been calculated to 206,158,430,000 digits, which was accomplished by Yasumasa Kanada and Daisuke Takahashi from the University of Tokyo in September of 1999. On the other hand, there were the Babylonians and Hebrews who lived and died, believing that π was simply 3. Evidence from the Rhind papyrus shows that the Egyptians knew 3.16, but implied in their Great Pyramid is the even better value 3.14. Much like the Babylonians, the early Hindus and Chinese accepted 3. Archimedes led the Greeks to believe that the limits of π were 3.141< π

The New Testament Times

The Jewish religious world is considered to be one of the major themes during the New Testament times. In order to fully understand the New Testament, one must have a clearer understanding of what are the possible similarities or possible differences between the Jewish religious world and non-Jewish religious world during the time of Christ. The core focus during the instant of the Old Testament was the law and the covenant, but during the time of the New Testament, it was Jesus Christ. Let us first consider the non-Jewish religious world as the Christian world. The main similarity between the Jews and the non-Jew, particularly the Christians, is that they believed in the same God and both groups have acknowledged the authority of the Old Testament. However, one of the main differences between the Jews and the Christians lies in each cluster’s perception of the â€Å"messiah†. It has been said that long before the time of Jesus Christ, most Jews have already hoped for the coming of the â€Å"messiah†, a powerful, successful conquering king from the blood lineage of King David. This king is said to be the one who would lead Israel to the peak of glory, with peace and victory all over the state. However, during Christ’s time, his disciples had already acclaimed Him as the â€Å"Messiah†. Consequently, Christians regarded the â€Å"messiah† as their means of spiritual salvation because of Christ’s nature as Son of God. Contrasting to what the Jews have believed, Christ had not lived to be a great political figure but a sacrificing, crucified individual who made radical statements, some of which is contradictory with the Jewish religious world. These radical statements lead to the acceptance of Gentiles or non-Jews into the community. Jesus taught that the basis for God’s acceptance is faith. The church embraces Jews and non-Jews alike. Conflicting with the idea, the Pharisees believed that God is particular with obedience of the law from the Old Testament. They supposed that the practice of high moral ideas will make them rightfully religious. Thus, they considered themselves as holier than non-Pharisees. During the New Testament times, Christianity spread to Asia Minor and Greece. The Jews also spread and had large populations in cities around the world. With the Christians and the Jews compared and contrasted, let us now consider the non-Jewish religious world as the Greco-Roman religious world, also during the same period. One great difference between the Jewish religious world and the Greco-Roman religious world is the number of gods in which each religious world recognizes. The Jews believed in only one God, the same God of the Christians. However, the Greek and the Romans have venerated a number of deities. The Greek and Roman religion is said to have merged during the time of the New Testament. This resulted to different cults with one god or goddess being patronized. Contradictory with the high moral standards of the Jewish religious world, these cults are said to conduct festivals in honor of their god or goddess in which they engage in â€Å"immoral† activities. The Cult of Attis, as an example, involves many orgies. Another example is the Cult of Bacchus in which its followers, during the festive days, engage in drunken frenzies to commemorate the gift of life. Reference: Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge. Vol. 3. USA: Grolier Incorporated. 2002. pp.102-106 Key Elements of the Background to the New Testament.   Available: May 6, 2006   

Pros And Cons Of Electoral College - 1791 Words

The Electoral College was established, by the Constitution to elect the President, in order to avoid an unfair balance of powers. The framers chose the complicated system of the Electoral College as the most equitable option. One option to elect the President was to hold a popular vote, however, the framers argued that the people might not have enough wisdom or information. The State Legislators were a promising option, but the framers worried that the Legislators would carry too much bias against national interest. The last option was Congress, but the framers knew allocating the powers to Congress would cause it to be too powerful thus becoming unbalanced. The Electoral College system allows for equal influence for both the people and†¦show more content†¦(U.S National Archives and Records Administration, 2017). To choose the Electors, each state produces a slate/group of individuals for each major political party that promised to vote for their party’s candidate. ( Kimberling, 1992). This means that before the popular vote there are at least 1076 individuals waiting to become Electors 538 from each major party so 538 times 2. Afterward, a popular vote is held in which the people vote for a candidate’s slate of individuals which on ballots appears to the voter as the candidate themselves. The process becomes different per state at this step, all states except Maine and Nebraska use the system called Winner-Takes-All. Maine and Nebraska use a system called proportional representation where the electoral votes are award based on the majority in each congressional district. The Winner-Takes-All system states that when a candidate wins a simple majority (50.001%) of the vote in one state, they win all the electoral votes of that state. (Morone Kersh). Once all the states votes are compiled together the electors cast their vote at a meeting of electors which occurs in each state. Nowadays the actual meeting of electors is mostly a formality as most know the outcome as soon as the votes are counted. However, there can be faithless electors which will be described in detail later. For a presidential candidate to win they must receive a majority of electors votesShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Electoral College1308 Words   |  6 Pagesvote by 2.7 Million votes. Donald Trump won because of the Electoral College. The Electoral College gives each state a number of electors that can range from three to fifty-five depending on the size of the state. The number of electors is decided by combining the number of senators and representatives that state has. To win the presidential election, a candidate would have to get 270 electoral votes, if neither candidate gets 270 electoral votes then the senate and the House of Representatives getRead MorePros And Cons Of The Electoral College738 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"I’m sorry we ever invented the electoral college† Al Gore. Many think the electoral college is a great thing, others? Not so much. If you’re unaware of what the electoral college is, it’s a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. There’s pros and cons of the electoral college, and by the end of this essay you may decideRead MorePros And Cons Of The Electoral College1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Electoral College what can I say to be honest, I know nothing about the Electoral College, but I will do my best to explain it to people who might know and to help them know so when they re seventeen they know like I should. So the Google definition of the Electoral College is a body of people representing the states of the US, who cast votes in the election of the President and Vice President. I would have not given that explanation, it would have told you it is a College. So helping yo u andRead MoreElectoral College Pros And Cons1169 Words   |  5 PagesElectoral College Pros and Cons The 2016 presidential election was an example of the discrepancy between the Electoral College votes and the national popular votes. If the last presidential election had been decided by a national popular vote, then Hillary Clinton would have won the presidency because she had the majority of votes. However, due to the design of the Electoral College, Donald Trump won the election for president in 2016; although, he lost the national popular vote. Just as some peopleRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College1290 Words   |  6 PagesStates Electoral College had been a contradicting system due to the diversification of America throughout the years. The major issue with this system, however, relies on America’s own national popular vote that contradicts the Electoral College. Many citizens would rather rely on alternatives such as the national popular vote in order to make presidential elections more bearable. All systems conclude of disadvantages and advantages. Ulti mately I as well as many people disagree with the Electoral CollegeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College1625 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the Electoral College determines the victor of a national election. Each state has its own number of electoral votes, which is determined by state population. This system is a â€Å"winner takes all† system. Which means the candidate with 50 percent or more of the votes in an individual state gets all of that states electoral votes. The 2016 presidential election will have 538 electoral votes, this means that the election will be decided who is the first candidate to 270 votes. SomeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College1167 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Electoral College system should be amended because it poorly illustrates democracy, is outdated and Electoral College Reform The voting process in America appears straightforward, but it is a very complex, complicated system. The Electoral College is America’s current voting system. The Electoral College still serves its intended purpose, but with increasing political activity among Americans it has caused a need to reform this process. Research suggests that the Electoral College systemRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Electoral College780 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious years. While many argue that the Electoral College defeats the purpose of voting, and diminishes the majority’s voice, this is certainly not the case. Without the Electoral College, elections would quickly become, and encourage, radical and corrupt ways in their voting systems, that could possibly result in a detrimental nationwide political crisis of voter fraud, and a rise to direct democracy. Majority of those who strive to abolish the Electoral College, are in simple terms; angry becauseRead MoreFinal Exam1541 Words   |  7 Pages POS/110 Democracy in America Democracy in America is something that has been the topic of the news for many years. It has caused many debates among several different individuals. Democracy, like anything, has its pros and its cons as well. In the following paragraphs will be the tip of the iceberg of some things that are debatable about democracy in America. One topic in particular that has been debated is the Constitution. The Constitution was written in 1787. The ConstitutionRead MoreThe Electoral College Is The Best Interests Of All The People1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe Electoral College, a hot topic these days, is subject to both criticism and defense. To understand why either side is valid we must look at its values and its weaknesses, its pros and cons. In defense of the Electoral College we can see that it in its roots the Electoral College was devised to dole out the power of selecting our executives geographically, and to give otherwise marginalized portions of the U.S. population a voice. Adversely the Electoral College can be seen as an obstruction to